1991 0-88946-271-2 The only work in the health-services field with hard data and definitive results about the effects of clinical nursing specialization on the quality and costs of care, nurse-physician relations in the hospital system, and hospital nursing effectiveness. Methodologically presents a major and successful experiment in the social sciences: a controlled organizational experiment using multiple methods of measurement (qualitative and quantitative) and real patient units. Simultaneously studies the clinical nurse specialist role in the hospital setting.